October 9, 2024

In China’s Urbanization, Worries of a Housing Shortage

Cheap but crowded neighborhoods are being cleared across China as part of a stepped-up urbanization campaign by the country’s new leaders. China aims to spend an estimated 40 trillion renminbi, or $6 trillion, on infrastructure, including housing, as a projected 400 million people become urban residents over the next decade.

But the clearance of so-called villages within cities removes cheap housing stock for the very people chosen to fuel that migration without providing sufficient replacement units. The land is sold by municipalities to developers who generally erect expensive apartments.

That throws into question how the government can achieve its ambitious goal.

“On the one hand, the law doesn’t allow former farmers to expand housing for migrant workers; on the other hand, local governments don’t have the money to build affordable housing either,” said Li Ping, senior attorney for Landesa Rural Development Institute in Beijing.

About 130 million Chinese migrants live in tiny, subdivided rooms rented out by former farmers whose villages have been surrounded by sprawl, according to government surveys.

Policies to provide government-built housing while razing these villages within cities result in a net loss of housing units, according to urban planners and academics, while choking off the private rental market that for decades has enabled China’s massive urban migration.

The dilemma poses harsh choices for those who have made lives in the cities on the slimmest of margins, like the migrants in the converted shipping containers in Shanghai.

“They can’t just come and ask me to move. I have so many products here that I sell. So much stuff worth at least tens of thousands of yuan,” said Li Yanxin, a migrant from nearby Anhui Province who runs a small convenience store out of his container. His profits — and therefore his ability to pay for his teenager’s education — depend on the low rent he found in the container village.

Local officials put muscle behind a policy of clearing such sites, often declaring these dwellings illegal by noting nonagricultural land allocated to villagers cannot be used for commercial purposes. Land reclassified as “urban” can be sold at a huge profit.

“Not everyone can live in a high rise. Especially those of us who work in the recycling business,” said Zhang Baofa, who rents out used shipping containers. “This is zoned as village land. I borrowed the land. I bought the containers. I rented it out. I would know if it were illegal,” Mr. Zhang said.

Local officials, embarrassed by photos of the container village circulating on the Internet, have vowed to remove the site within days. On Thursday, after four years of operation, they declared Mr. Li’s store to be unregistered.

Chinese cities lack the visible slums of other developing countries, thanks in part to communities like Xinzhuang in Beijing that collectively house about 3.4 million migrants just within the capital.

A high, whitewashed wall and strip of green lawn hide Xinzhuang’s 10,000 residents from surrounding luxury apartment blocks. Three black chickens scratch along a filthy gutter of blue-grey water next to the public latrine. Rooms of about 12 square meters, or 130 square feet, each house families of three, for 500 renminbi a month.

“A regular apartment would be more comfortable, but it’s about 2,000 renminbi a month. That’s too much for the type of people who live here. They want to save what they can. We fill the lowest niche,” said the landlord Dong Gang, whose former farmhouse is now a two-story concrete structure divided into about 30 makeshift rooms.

Article source: http://www.nytimes.com/2013/04/01/business/global/in-chinas-urbanization-worries-of-a-housing-shortage.html?partner=rss&emc=rss

All iPhone Sales Suspended At Apple Stores in China

Apple said in a statement that it had temporarily suspended sales of all iPhones at its five mainland China stores out of concern for the safety of customers and employees. The phones will still be offered online, through Apple’s official partner, Unicom, and at authorized resellers. The statement did not say when Apple stores would resume selling the iPhone 4S.

Demand for iPhones in China far exceeds supply, which has spawned an army of scalpers who hire migrant workers to snap up products that the scalpers then resell at much higher prices.

The horde of more than 1,000 people who gathered outside the store Friday in the Sanlitun district of Beijing included organized teams of migrant workers, identifiable by matching armbands or hats. Some of the migrant workers said they were bused in and promised payment of 100 renminbi, or about $16, for purchasing a phone.

Wary of unrest, police ordered the store not to open, according to one source familiar with the situation. Furious, some would-be customers threw eggs. Police dispersed the crowd and temporarily cordoned off the store.

Those recruited by scalpers were particularly angry. Some said the store’s closing meant that they would get only 10 renminbi, meant as a food allowance, after standing in line all night in freezing temperatures.

It was the second time in less than a year that the Sanlitun store had been forced to temporarily close while trying to offer a new product. In May, four people were injured and a glass door was smashed when a crowd waiting to buy the iPad 2 turned disorderly, according to China Daily.

At Apple’s other Beijing store and three stores in Shanghai, the iPhone 4S sold out quickly, leaving some disappointed, but with no reports of incidents.

China is Apple’s fastest-growing market: with just five of the company’s stores, it accounts for one-sixth of its global sales. Timothy D. Cook, chief executive of Apple, said last week that “customer response to our products in China has been off the charts.”

Article source: http://feeds.nytimes.com/click.phdo?i=578bde4668b3b545eb3d206dd2378809