April 20, 2024

The Haggler: The Auto Loan That Went Haywire

But now and then, counter-evidence appears. The latest can be found at McDonald’s, where in-store advertisements for the McRib sandwich herald the product with these words: “It’s real pork!”

Now, as regulars know, this runs directly against the Haggler’s plea, described in this space in August 2010, to cease boasting about the realness of a food product that consumers should assume is real, without the boast. No more claims that something is made of “real fruit” or “real ice cream,” for instance.

So the Haggler called the public relations office at McDonald’s and asked: Did the company skip that column? And why, oh why, is McDonald’s bragging that a product called McRib is made of pork? Does the company worry that customers will otherwise figure it’s made of chicken, or a meatlike gelatin, or maybe some sort of lab-tested synthetic?

“This year we wanted to emphasize the real quality pork that goes into the McRib,” wrote Ofelia Casillas of the company’s media relations department, “along with the other ingredients that make the sandwich special.”

Hmm. But McDonald’s isn’t stressing the quality of the pork, the Haggler wrote back. It’s stressing the porkiness of the pork. How come? Isn’t the porkiness pretty much implied?

This e-mail did not elicit a response.

O.K., letter time. The details here are a bit complicated, but the principle at stake, we shall see, is simple.

Q. In spring 2011, I bought my dream car: a lightly used Mercedes-Benz E350 wagon from Silver Star Motors in Long Island City, Queens. I set up electronic funds transfer to Mercedes-Benz Financial Services to cover the loan payments.

But in late December 2012, something weird started to happen. I got a check for the precise amount of my monthly loan payment from M.B.F.S. This month, another check. Then I looked at the M.B.F.S. account, and it indicated that the loan had been paid in full in late October — the checks that I had received were reversals of my automatic payments.

What was happening? A rep at M.B.F.S. told me that my insurance company had called to declare my car a total loss because of damage from Hurricane Sandy. Two problems: The insurance company that called is not my insurance company. And my car didn’t even get wet during the hurricane. I called M.B.F.S. to clear up the matter.

Five days later, I heard from a rep at a collections agency who told me that some payments were past due — one of them 63 days past due. The rep wanted payment right then, along with late fees. On top of that, M.B.F.S. had charged late fees and extra interest because, in the company’s mind, I hadn’t paid my account.

How, you may wonder, could M.B.F.S. return checks I’d sent and claim that my payments were overdue? How did M.B.F.S. allow the wrong insurer to declare my car a hurricane casualty? Why did M.B.F.S. not contact me to confirm that this was true?

These are excellent questions, but I have been unable to get even mediocre answers. I have, however, convinced both the collections agency and M.B.F.S. that my car is fine and all of the financial penalties have been dropped. My payments have resumed. But my excellent credit rating, which I have carefully tended for many years, may be dinged as a result of the supposedly late payments. That is what the rep from the collections agency told me, at any rate.

Here is the galling part: M.B.F.S. seems to believe that the work of ensuring that my score is unscathed is my problem. I’ve been instructed to write a letter to the company’s credit dispute department, explaining all. Then the department will decide how to proceed, and in what time frame.

That is infuriating. This little mess was made by M.B.F.S. I think the company ought to clean it up. Do you agree? ROSLYN HOOLEY

Ridgefield, Conn.

A. The Haggler agrees. And it turns out that the executives at M.B.F.S. agree, too. When the Haggler forwarded the above e-mail to the company, which is based in Farmington Hills, Mich., it caused a bit of a stir. Janet Marzett, a vice president, called to explain that Ms. Hooley’s car was erroneously tossed into the totaled-by-Sandy column, either because an insurer provided incorrect digits, or an employee at M.B.F.S. key-punched a wrong number.

“We have had to process about 2,500 claims as a result of Sandy,” Ms. Marzett explained. Somehow, Ms. Hooley’s car became one of them.

Mistakes happen, and this one was cleared up without too much trouble. The real heartburn started when that M.B.F.S. rep claimed that keeping Ms. Hooley’s credit score pristine was her problem. That, says Ms. Marzett, was a terribly wrong message.

“I listened to that phone call,” she said. “It’s absolutely unacceptable for us to even allude to the notion that the customer needs to do anything if we make a mistake. I can’t excuse it and I’m not going to defend it. And I can tell you that we dealt with that phone representative immediately.”

The Haggler imagines a stern lecture in a tiny room, suffused with new-car smell and lined with auburn brown leather with white stitching.

A rep from M.B.F.S. also got in touch with Ms. Hooley, calling to offer apologies and to make clear that she need do nothing to ensure the robustness of her credit score. The company, the rep explained, would handle that.

E-mail: haggler@nytimes.com. Keep it brief and family-friendly, include your hometown and go easy on the caps-lock key. Letters may be edited for clarity and length.

Article source: http://www.nytimes.com/2013/01/13/your-money/the-auto-loan-that-went-haywire.html?partner=rss&emc=rss

DealBook: An Enigma in the Mortgage Market That Elevates Rates

A Wells Fargo booth at a mortgage-refinancing workshop in January in Seattle.Ted S. Warren/Associated PressA Wells Fargo booth at a mortgage-refinancing workshop in January in Seattle.

Imagine a 30-year mortgage on which you only pay 2.8 percent in interest a year.

Such a mortgage could already exist, but something in the banking system is holding it back. And right now, few agree on what that “something” is.

Getting to the bottom of this enigma could help determine whether mortgage lenders are dysfunctional, greedy or simply trying to do their job in a sensible way.

Right now, borrowers are paying around 3.55 percent for a 30-year fixed rate mortgage that qualifies for a government guarantee of repayment. That’s down from 4.1 percent a year ago, and 5.06 percent three years ago.

Mortgage rates have declined as the Federal Reserve has bought trillions of dollars of bonds, a policy that aims to stimulate the economy. Last week, the Fed said it would make new purchases, focusing on bonds backed by mortgages.

The big question is whether those purchases lead to even lower mortgage rates, as the Fed chairman, Ben S. Bernanke, hopes.

But mortgage rates may not decline substantially from here. Something weird has happened. Pricing in the mortgage market appears to have gotten stuck. This can be seen in a crucial mortgage metric.

Banks make mortgages, but since the 2008 crisis, they have sold most of them into the bond market, attaching a government guarantee of repayment in the process.

The metric effectively encapsulates the size of the gain that banks make on those sales. In September 2011, banks were making mortgages with an interest rate of 4.1 percent. They were then selling those mortgages into the market in bonds that were trading with an interest rate, or yield, of 3.36 percent, according to a Bloomberg index.

The metric captures the difference between the bond and mortgage rates; in this case it was 0.74 percentage points. The bigger the “spread,” the bigger the financial gain for the banks selling the mortgages. That 0.74 percentage point “spread” was close to the 0.77 percentage point average since the end of 2007. Banks were taking roughly the same cut on the sales as they were in previous years.

But something strange has happened over the last 12 months. That spread has widened significantly, and is now more than 1.4 percentage points. The cause: bond yields have fallen a lot more than the mortgage rates banks are charging borrowers.

Put another way, the banks aren’t fully passing on the low rates in the bond market to borrowers. Instead, they are taking bigger gains, and increasing the size of their cut.

So where might mortgage rates be if the old spread were maintained? At 2.83 percent – that’s the current bond yield plus the 0.75 percentage point spread that existed a year ago.

It’s important to examine why the tight relationship between bond yields and mortgage rates becomes unglued.

One explanation, mentioned in a Financial Times story on Sunday, is that the banks are overwhelmed by the demand for new mortgages and their pipeline has become backlogged. When demand outstrips supply for a product, it’s less likely that its price — in this case, the mortgage’s interest rate — will fall. There are in fact different versions of this theory.

One holds that bank mortgage operations are still poorly run, and therefore it’s no surprise they can’t handle an inundation of new applications. Another says banks deliberately keep rates from falling further as a way of controlling the flow of mortgage applications into their pipeline. If mortgages were offered at 2.8 percent, they wouldn’t be able to handle the business, so they ration through price, according to this theory.

Another backlog camp likes to point the finger at Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, the government-controlled entities that actually guarantee the mortgages. The theory is that these two are demanding that borrowers fulfill overly strict conditions to get mortgages. Banks fear that if they don’t ensure compliance with these requirements, they’ll have to take mortgages back once they’ve sold them, a move that can saddle them with losses.

As a result, the banks have every incentive to slow things down to make sure mortgages are in full compliance, which can add to the backlog. Once this so-called put-back threat is decreased, or the banks get better at meeting requirements, supply should ease.

But there is a weakness to the backlog theories.

The banks have handled two huge waves of mortgage refinancing since the 2008 financial crisis. During those, the spread between mortgage and bond rates did increase. But not anywhere near as much as it has recently. And the spread has stayed wide for much longer this time around.

For instance, $1.84 trillion of mortgages were originated in 2009, a big year for refinancing, according to data from Inside Mortgage Finance, a trade publication. In that year, the average spread between bonds and loans was 0.89 percentage points. And the banking sector was in a far worse state, which would in theory make the backlog problem worse.

Today, the sector is in better shape, with more mortgage lenders back on their feet. But the spread between loans and bonds is considerably wider. In the last 12 months, when mortgage origination has been close to 2009 levels, it has averaged 1.1 percentage points. This suggests that it’s more than just a backlog problem

Some mortgage banks seem to be having little trouble adapting to the higher demand. U.S. Bancorp originated $21.7 billion of mortgages in the second quarter of this year, 168 percent more than in the second quarter of last year.

Wells Fargo is currently the nation’s biggest mortgage lender, originating 31 percent of all mortgages in the 12 months through the end of June. In a conference call with analysts in July, the bank’s executives seemed unfazed about the challenge of meeting mounting customer demand.

“We’ve ramped up our team members in mortgage to be able to move the pipeline through as quickly as possible,” said Timothy J. Sloan, Wells Fargo’s chief financial officer. He also said that the bank had increased its full time employees in consumer real estate by 19 percent in the prior 12 months. Not exactly the picture of a bank struggling to expand capacity.

But if banks are readily adding capacity, why aren’t mortgage rates falling further, closing the spread between bond yields? Perhaps a new equilibrium has descended on the market that favors the banks’ bottom lines.

The drop in rates draws in many more borrowers. The banks add more origination capacity, but not quite enough to bring the spread between bonds and loans back to its recent average.

The banks don’t care because mortgage revenue is ballooning. But it all means that the 2.8 percent mortgage may never materialize.

Article source: http://dealbook.nytimes.com/2012/09/18/an-enigma-in-the-mortgage-market-that-elevates-rates/?partner=rss&emc=rss