The Food and Drug Administration approved an expensive new melanoma drug much faster than expected, giving a boost not only to that drug but also to other experimental products that may offer gene-based personalized medicine.
The F.D.A. approved vemurafenib, with the brand name Zelboraf, to treat patients with metastatic melanoma who have a certain genetic mutation called BRAF V600E. The drug inhibits the cancer-spreading action of that particular gene, which is held in about 50 percent of people who have metastatic melanoma.
The F.D.A. also approved a test for the genetic mutation.
Roche Holding said the drug would be available in about two weeks at a price of $9,800 a month. The drug will be sold by Genentech of San Francisco, a subsidiary of Roche of Switzerland, and Daiichi Sankyo of Japan.
Roche sought approval in May under an expedited review process for drugs that may offer major advances. The F.D.A. was expected to act by Oct. 28. Its approval came more than two months early — a vote of confidence by an agency that has been accused of failing to act promptly on some other drugs.
The fast action may portend well for crizotinib, a proposed lung cancer drug from Pfizer shown to be effective in the estimated 3 to 5 percent of non-small cell lung cancer patients whose tumors have a certain gene. That, too, was submitted with a diagnostic gene test. It is still under review.
In March, the F.D.A. approved another new drug for late-stage melanoma, called Yervoy, from Bristol-Myers Squibb. It acts on the immune system. Bristol-Myers Squibb charges $120,000 for a course of treatment.
Clinical trial results on the two drugs were released at the annual meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology, to the acclaim of skin cancer doctors.
“This has been an important year for patients with late-stage melanoma,” Dr. Richard Pazdur, director of the F.D.A. Office of Oncology Drug Products, said in a press release on Wednesday.
But it is far from a cure.
“The F.D.A.’s quick action on this drug approval is important because it gives melanoma patients a new way to fight this deadly disease,” Timothy J. Turnham, executive director of the Melanoma Research Foundation, said in a statement. But many patients become resistant, he added, and the drug prolongs lives only months on average, pointing to the need for further research.
Side effects of Zelboraf may include joint pain, rash, hair loss, fatigue, nausea, skin sensitivity when exposed to the sun, and another skin-related cancer that can be managed with surgery.
Melanoma is the deadliest skin cancer. About 8,700 people died of it in the United States last year and 68,000 were newly diagnosed, according to the National Cancer Institute.
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