November 14, 2024

Fiscal Talks in Congress Seem to Reach Impasse

The proposal, loaded with Democratic priorities and short on detailed spending cuts, met strong Republican resistance. In exchange for locking in the $1.6 trillion in added revenues, President Obama embraced the goal of finding $400 billion in savings from Medicare and other social programs to be worked out next year, with no guarantees.

He did propose some upfront cuts in programs like farm price supports, but did not specify an amount or any details. And senior Republican aides familiar with the offer said those initial spending cuts might be outweighed by spending increases, including at least $50 billion in infrastructure spending, mortgage relief, an extension of unemployment insurance and a deferral of automatic cuts to physician reimbursements under Medicare.

“The Democrats have yet to get serious about real spending cuts,” Mr. Boehner said after the meeting. “No substantive progress has been made in the talks between the White House and the House over the last two weeks.”

Amy Brundage, a White House spokeswoman, said: “Right now, the only thing preventing us from reaching a deal that averts the fiscal cliff and avoids a tax hike on 98 percent of Americans is the refusal of Congressional Republicans to ask the very wealthiest individuals to pay higher tax rates. The president has already signed into law over $1 trillion in spending cuts and we remain willing to do tough things to compromise, and it’s time for Republicans in Washington to join the chorus of other voices — from the business community to middle-class Americans across the country — who support a balanced approach that asks more from the wealthiest Americans.”

Beneath the outward shows of frustration and rancor, Democrats said a deal could still be reached before hundreds of billions of dollars in automatic tax increases and spending cuts go into effect, threatening the fragile economy. Senator Charles E. Schumer, Democrat of New York, pointed to conservative Republicans who have suggested that the House quickly pass Democratic legislation in the Senate extending the expiring tax cuts for income below $250,000.

“All you have to do is just listen to what’s happening out there and you realize there is progress,” he said.

But publicly, the leaders of neither side were giving an inch. And Republican aides said the details of the White House proposal pointed to a re-elected president who believes he can bully Congress.

“They took a step backward, moving away from consensus and significantly closer to the cliff,” said Senator Mitch McConnell of Kentucky, the Republican leader.

The president’s proposal does stick to the broad framework of the deal Mr. Boehner wants: an upfront deficit-reduction “down payment” that would serve to cancel the automatic tax increases and spending cuts while still signaling seriousness on the deficit, followed by a second stage in which Congress would work next year on overhauling the tax code and social programs to secure more deficit reduction.

But the details show how far the president is ready to push House Republicans. The upfront tax increases in the proposal go beyond what Senate Democrats were able to pass earlier this year. Tax rates would go up for higher-income earners, as in the Senate bill, but Mr. Obama wants their dividends to be taxed as ordinary income, something the Senate did not approve. He also wants the estate tax to be levied at 45 percent on inheritances over $3.5 million, a step several Democratic senators balked at. The Senate bill made no changes to the estate tax, which currently taxes inheritances over $5 million at 35 percent. On Jan. 1, the estate tax is scheduled to rise to 55 percent beginning with inheritances exceeding $1 million.

Administration negotiators also want the initial stage to include an extension of the payroll tax cut or an equivalent policy aimed at working-class families, an extension of a business tax credit for investments, and the extension of a number of other expiring business tax credits, like the one on research and development.

To ensure that there are no more crises like the debt ceiling impasse last year, Mr. Geithner proposed permanently ending Congressional purview over the federal borrowing limit, Republican aides said. He said that Congress could be allowed to pass a resolution blocking an increase in the debt limit, but that the president would be able to veto that resolution. Congress could block a higher borrowing limit only if two-thirds of lawmakers overrode the veto.

In total, Mr. Geithner presented the package as a $4 trillion reduction in future deficits, but that too was disputed. The figure includes cuts to domestic programs agreed to last year that the White House put at $1.2 trillion but that Republicans say is about $300 billion less. And it counts savings from ending the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, even though no one has proposed maintaining war spending over the next decade at the current rate.

“Listen, this is not a game,” Mr. Boehner said. “Jobs are on the line. The American economy is on the line. And this is a moment for adult leadership.”

Senate Democratic leaders left their meeting with Mr. Geithner ecstatic. If the Republicans want additional spending cuts in that down payment, the onus is on them to put them on the table, said Senator Harry Reid of Nevada, the Democratic leader.

Article source: http://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/30/us/politics/fiscal-talks-in-congress-seem-to-reach-impasse.html?partner=rss&emc=rss

Letters: Letters: Economic Lessons, Around the Globe

Re “Four Nations, Four Lessons” (Economic View, Oct. 23), in which N. Gregory Mankiw uses the examples of France, Greece, Japan and Zimbabwe to describe policies the United States should avoid:

In the column, he says that if taxes here approach those of Europe, “we can then see whether the next generation of Americans spends less time at work earning a living and more time sipping espresso in outdoor cafes.”

My several months spent living with a family in the French Alps three years ago exposed me to a more normal French experience — of working hard just to pay the bills. Higher taxes ensure public health, a safe retirement, cleaner streets and good schools. Gee, maybe you get what you pay for. France has a fairly thriving democracy without all the rancor we are suffering.

The French are no strangers to issues of immigration, racial tensions and health. Still, to suggest that they escape the “nose-to-the-grindstone American culture” assumes that a scraped nose is a good thing and that a balanced life is laziness. Neither is true, there or here. Rather than criticize progressive societies we should consider learning from them.

Edward McFadd

Encinitas, Calif., Oct. 23

To the Editor:

N. Gregory Mankiw concludes that “if American policy makers don’t rein in entitlement spending over the next several decades, they will have little choice but to raise taxes close to European levels.”

But he leaves a huge part of the federal budget out of his analysis: the hundreds of billions spent on the military.

Our deficit has been largely fueled by fighting two wars of choice while, at the same time, cutting taxes. A discussion of alternatives must consider substantial cuts to the military budget, not just to social programs.

Ben A. Solnit

Morris, Conn., Oct. 23

Article source: http://feeds.nytimes.com/click.phdo?i=e04b53512fec179cbe28b4df6f5e7de1

Cuomo Secures Big Givebacks in Union Deal

The five-year agreement between Gov. Andrew M. Cuomo, a Democrat, and the Civil Service Employees Association, includes a three-year wage freeze, the first furloughs ever for state workers and an increase in the amount employees must pay toward their health insurance.

Savings would amount to $73 million this year, and as much as $1.6 billion over five years, if other labor unions representing public workers agreed to similar concessions. Absent those agreements, there could still be layoffs of some public workers, the Cuomo administration said.

The agreement was announced as the governor and lawmakers negotiated over a number of issues in the waning hours of the legislative session. Senate Republicans had not decided on Wednesday night whether to allow a vote on the most contentious issue, the proposed legalization of same-sex marriage.

The negotiations between Mr. Cuomo and the union, which represents about a third of the 186,000 state workers, were largely free of the public rancor that accompanied efforts to reduce spending on labor in New Jersey and Wisconsin.

“I want to applaud C.S.E.A. for understanding, truly, the situation that the state is in,” the governor told reporters on Wednesday night. “The union really stepped up and helped the state out at a very precarious time, from a financial point of view.”

In a statement, Danny Donohue, the president of the union, said, “These are not ordinary times, and C.S.E.A. and the Cuomo administration have worked very hard at the bargaining table to produce an agreement that balances shared sacrifice with fairness and respect.”

The deal is subject to ratification by union members, who will vote by mail over the next several weeks. It would provide pay raises of 2 percent in the fourth and fifth years of the contract.

Mr. Cuomo, facing shrinking resources because of the recession, had earlier in the legislative session won approval of a state budget that depended on a $450 million cut in labor costs, either from layoffs or union concessions.

He had also proposed reducing pension benefits for new government workers; that proposal is unlikely to be approved in this session, but will be a potential flash point going forward.

Edmund J. McMahon, director of the Empire Center for New York State Policy, a research group that favors reduced government spending, called the deal a mixed bag.

On one hand, Mr. McMahon said, the agreement was not an effort at significant transformation, like that tried by Gov. Scott Walker of Wisconsin, who sought to end collective bargaining for many public-employee unions. On the other hand, he said, the New York deal marked a sharp departure from the state’s previous four-year labor contract, which put in place base wage increases of 3 percent a year for the first three years and 4 percent in the fourth year.

“In Wisconsin, they tried to change the rules,” Mr. McMahon said, adding, “If you’re negotiating within the rules of the game, this is probably the best deal you can get.”

Under the terms of the deal announced on Wednesday, lower-paid employees — those whose salaries start at about $33,000 or less — will have their share of health care premiums rise to 12 percent, from 10 percent, for individuals. More highly paid employees will have their share rise to 16 percent. The cost of family health coverage will also increase; for more highly paid employees, for example, the share will rise to 31 percent, from 25 percent. State officials expect that, as in the past, the health care changes will also apply to retirees, a potentially critical part of the overall savings.

In addition to taking a five-day furlough in the current fiscal year, employees must take a four-day leave in the year after, though the second-year furlough will be repaid at the end of the contract term.

Employees who remain through 2013 will earn one-time bonus payments of $775 in 2013 and $225 in 2014 — such one-time payments do not compound over time like salary increases, which increase long-term cash costs for the state and the burden on the pension system.

In addition to the wage and benefits concessions, the union also agreed to an overhaul of the disciplinary procedures for state employees accused of abuse or neglect of the developmentally disabled. The state and the union will develop a series of punishments for employees who commit disciplinary offenses in an effort to end the seemingly random punishments handed out by arbitrators to employees in the past. And there will also be an overhaul of the current arbitration panel and higher pay in an effort to recruit better arbitrators.

The Cuomo administration had pressed for the changes after a series of articles in The New York Times examining the treatment of the disabled in group homes and state-run institutions. Among the newspaper’s findings: The state has retained workers who committed physical or sexual abuse, rehired many workers it had fired, shunned whistle-blowers and rarely reported allegations of abuse to law enforcement officials.

While employees represented by the Civil Service Employees Association averted layoffs, the Cuomo administration is still negotiating with a number of other unions, including the Public Employees Federation, which represents 56,000 employees and is the second-largest union of state employees. The state has put forward a July 15 deadline for layoffs in other unions if an agreement is not reached to reduce their wages and benefits.

The Public Employees Federation has had more contentious talks thus far with the Cuomo administration, going so far as to post the administration’s negotiating position on the Internet, but its position was weakened by the agreement announced on Wednesday.

Ken Brynien, president of the Public Employees Federation, issued only a brief statement, saying his union “stands ready to meet with the state’s negotiators to reach an agreement.”

Article source: http://feeds.nytimes.com/click.phdo?i=303e5dfa35e832979db5ab091babdfd6