December 7, 2024

Tensions Escalate in Cyprus as Banks Prepare to Reopen

The president of Bank of Cyprus, the nation’s largest bank, was fired Wednesday by the central bank in consultation with the international lenders who are finalizing the terms of a €10 billion, or $13 billion, bailout of the heavily indebted country.

Meanwhile, President Nicos Anastasiades opened a criminal investigation into how the nation’s banks had been brought to the brink of collapse. His aim, he said, was “to find and attribute responsibility wherever it belongs.”

Tensions have intensified in Nicosia, the capital, in recent days as citizens, confronted with banks that have been closed for almost two weeks, have grown impatient waiting for the bailout deal to be finalized so that they can get access to their money. Many are also angry at what they see as Mr. Anastasiades’s inept political handling of the situation.

Demonstrations that first attracted hundreds here last week have been swelling into increasingly agitated gatherings of thousands of people amid the dawning realization that their future under the terms of the bailout deal will become increasingly bleak.

At the same time, a blame game has escalated among the ruling class. Mr. Anastasiades has started making incendiary statements about the central bank president, Panicos O. Demetriades, hinting strongly that he wants to see Mr. Demetriades ousted. That, in turn, has raised concerns about the central bank’s independence.

“The knives are out,” said a person involved in the talks, who declined to speak publicly because the talks were private.

Attention focused Wednesday on capital controls, without which the banks in Cyprus cannot open as planned on Thursday. The banks have been closed since March 16 to prevent a bank run while bailout talks were under way.

The Cypriot finance minister, Michalis Sarris, said Wednesday that a flood of withdrawals was bound to happen quickly, and that the restrictions would at least help stem a mass flight of deposits.

“Each day that banks remain closed creates more uncertainty and more difficulties for people, so we would like to do our utmost to make sure that this new goal that we have set will work,” he said.

Under European Union treaties, restricting the free movement of capital is forbidden. Critics say that what is happening in Cyprus shows that E.U. rules will be flouted when the International Monetary Fund, the European Central Bank and E.U. leaders find it convenient to do so.

The person involved in the forging the details of how capital controls will be implemented in Cyprus acknowledged Wednesday that this simply should not be happening. But “if you did not have them, then probably 100 percent of deposits would fly out of the country,” said the person.

Nonresident depositors, including Russians and businesses with substantial amounts in Cypriot banks, are especially eager to get their money out, the person said.

Authorities are bracing for as much as 10 percent of the €64 billion in deposits in Cypriot banks to be pulled out when banks reopen Thursday, the person said, adding that restrictions could be tightened further if necessary.

Faith in Cyprus’s banks has been severely undermined, not only because Mr. Anastasiades and E.U. leaders introduced the idea of skimming savers’ accounts to pay for the bailout, but also because authorities have prolonged bank closures for such a long time.

If Bank of Cyprus does not reopen for some reason on Thursday, “it will create a self-fulfilling prophecy that we have a problem that can’t be resolved,” the person said.

Instability has gripped Bank of Cyprus in recent days. The central bank has essentially directed every step the private bank must take since Cyprus’s creditors demanded that the nation’s second-largest bank, Cyprus Popular Bank, fold and move a large number of accounts to Bank of Cyprus.

The Bank of Cyprus chief executive, Yiannis Kypri, has protested what he called central bank interference with a private company and tendered his resignation Tuesday, a move that was rejected by the bank’s board.

But on Wednesday, the central bank chief, Mr. Demetriades, forced out Mr. Kypri and the entire Bank of Cyprus board in a joint decision with international lenders as part of the legal moves required for that bank to be consolidated.

On Tuesday a huge crowd gathered in front of Bank of Cyprus, shouting angrily about the devastation that the recent measures would wreak on jobs and the economy. The crowd then headed to the central bank to demand the resignation of Mr. Demetriades, whom many see as handling the situation with an iron fist.

By imposing capital controls, European and Cypriot officials have effectively created two classes of euro — a good and a bad. If a depositor has €1 million in a Cypriot bank but cannot access it or take it to another country, then the money is effectively worthless, since it cannot be spent in Cyprus or abroad.

“It has to be acknowledged that this is something entirely new,” said Nicolas Véron, a senior fellow at Bruegel, a research concern in Brussels, and a visiting fellow at the Peterson Institute for International Economics in Washington.

“The question is, Can the euro zone survive capital controls?” Mr. Véron said. “This will shape expectations in other countries, and the issue is whether capital controls can be avoided in future episodes.”

Article source: http://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/28/business/global/tensions-escalate-in-cyprus-as-banks-prepare-to-reopen.html?partner=rss&emc=rss

Cyprus and European Officials Scramble to End Bank Crisis

The Cypriot president, Nicos Anastasiades, flew up from Nicosia earlier in the day with a proposal for raising the 5.8 billion euros, or $7.5 billion, that his country is supposed to contribute in order to receive 10 billion euros from the International Monetary Fund and euro zone countries.

After the Cypriot Parliament rejected the original deal, with a one-time tax on all deposits in Cyprus banks, Mr. Anastasiades came back Sunday with revamped terms under which a stiffer tax would be levied, but only on deposits above 100,000 euros, as a way to protect smaller account holders.

Lenders like the I.M.F. and the European Central Bank, also represented at the Brussels meetings, support a deal in which Cypriots impose a substantial tax on wealthier depositors, many of whom are Russians.

 Cyprus faces a deadline of Monday, when in the absence of a bailout deal the E.C.B. has said it will cut off the financing that is keeping Cyprus’s teetering banks from collapsing.

Arriving at the meeting, Wolfgang Schäuble, the German finance minister, was blunt in his assessment of what the Cypriots would need to do to reach a deal after the previous deal, hammered out eight days earlier, fell through. 

“The numbers have not changed. If anything, they have worsened,” said Mr. Schäuble, who was apparently referring to plummeting confidence in the Cypriot banking system as the bailout talks have dragged on and as banks in Cyprus have remained closed for more than a week.“I hope we will achieve a result today,” Mr. Schäuble said. “But that, of course, depends on the people in Cyprus having a somewhat realistic view of the situation.”

Pierre Moscovici, the French finance minister, took a more conciliatory tone, emphasizing the need for a “fair” deal for Cyprus and the need for lenders to make a “shared effort” to help Cyprus.

“The outlines of a solution exist, but the devil is often in the details,” Mr. Moscovici told reporters before the meeting of the finance ministers from the 17 countries in the euro zone. 

Earlier Sunday, Mr. Anastasiades met with the top officials of the so-called troika of organizations that would supervise a bailout: Mario Draghi, the president of the E.C.B.; Christine Lagarde, the managing director of the I.M.F.; and José Manuel Barroso, the president of the European Commission. Jeroen Dijsselbloem, president of the group of finance ministers, also participated. 

Because their meeting ran longer than planned, the session of finance ministers was delayed well past its scheduled starting time of 6 p.m. local time.

Before leaving Nicosia, Mr. Anastasiades briefed Cypriot political leaders on the outlines of his proposal, which was said to call for imposing a one-time tax of 20 percent on amounts above 100,000 euros in deposits at the Bank of Cyprus.

Because the Bank of Cyprus, which has the largest number of savings accounts on the island, suffered huge losses on bets it took on Greek bonds, the government appears inclined to make that bank’s wealthy depositors bear the biggest burden.

The 20 percent tax would also hit those with large accounts at Laiki Bank. Parliament voted Friday to fold its accounts into the Bank of Cyprus, effectively closing down Laiki. A demand by international lenders to make the Bank of Cyprus absorb some of the liabilities associated with Laiki was one sticking point in the talks Sunday night.

A smaller tax, of 4 percent, would be assessed on deposits exceeding 100,000 euros at all other banks, including the 26 foreign banks that operate in Cyprus.

Whether any deal reached in Brussels would be approved by the Cypriot Parliament, whose signoff is needed, remained uncertain.

The late negotiations are the culmination of months of wrangling over how to address the financial troubles of the tiny island nation, which has a population of about 1 million.

James Kanter reported from Brussels and Liz Alderman from Nicosia, Cyprus.

Article source: http://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/25/business/global/cyprus-and-european-officials-scrambles-to-end-bank-crisis.html?partner=rss&emc=rss