November 22, 2024

Beneath Connecticut’s Image of Affluence, Deep Fiscal Pain

The reality is different. For the past two decades, the state has finished dead last nationally in creating new jobs. A recent forecast by an industrial consulting firm, IHS Global Insight, projected it would also finish last in job creation over the next five years.

Connecticut’s finances are among the most troubled in the nation: it is last or close to last in financing pension obligations and retaining reserves for emergencies, and near the top in per-capita debt. And on Tuesday, Moody’s lowered its outlook for the state’s bond rating to negative from stable.

Despite already passing the largest package of tax increases in state history, legislators must return to Hartford on Thursday after an agreement with the state employee unions imploded. But the unbalanced budget is hardly the only problem. Connecticut, despite its affluent image and past successes, is facing a startling series of economic and fiscal challenges that it now has no option but to confront.

“No state had more resources and did less with them over the past 20 years,” said William E. Curry Jr., a former Democratic candidate for governor who now writes about state and national politics. “Yeah, we wiped out in finance and real estate, but the real problem was our own poor choices.

“We tried to import jobs you must grow yourself. We tried to save cities with ballparks and convention centers. We borrowed like shopaholics, shortchanged pension funds and barely showed up for collective bargaining.”

Gov. Dannel P. Malloy, a Democrat elected last year, recommended this week that the state eliminate 6,500 jobs — 5,500 through layoffs and the rest by attrition — to help close a projected $700 million deficit in the coming year. The hole was created last week when unions rejected a plan, negotiated by their leaders, that called for wage freezes for two years and a no-layoff guarantee for four years, as well as concessions on pensions and health care. Though 57 percent of union members approved the plan, it failed because collective bargaining rules required that at least 14 of the 15 unions ratify it and that the approving unions represent 80 percent of workers.

The stakes are enormous for Mr. Malloy, who has built a Connecticut-esque image as a rare governor charting a balanced path amid anti-union sentiment; for Democrats who control the legislature and have close ties to the unions; and for the unions themselves, which infuriated many allies by turning down a deal seen as far better than those being offered in other states.

After approving large tax increases this spring, mostly on sales and services, Mr. Malloy has said he would reject any additional ones. And though he was elected with strong union support, he said Wednesday that he now wanted to impose benefit cuts on the unions and would ask the General Assembly to pass legislation changing the way employees’ pensions are calculated, reducing their sick days and freezing longevity payments.

But, according to many experts, the stakes are highest for the state itself. After two decades of stagnation, they say, the state cannot afford the short-term torpedo of mass layoffs at a time of high joblessness; the long-term hit of chaotic, ineffectual state government; or the old option of papering over liabilities with gimmicks and debt.

Fred V. Carstensen, director of the Connecticut Center for Economic Analysis at the University of Connecticut, said the state faced two major, interrelated problems.

The first is fiscal. Due in large part to a 20-year labor agreement negotiated by Gov. John G. Rowland in 1997, Connecticut has been locked into an increasingly untenable relationship with its employees. Under that contract, the state is obligated to pay 10 times as much for employee pension costs as workers do — the second-highest ratio among the 10 largest state pension systems, after Florida. But it has not been paying what it owes into the pension system. A 2010 report said Connecticut had the second-highest unfunded pension liability per capita in the country, after Alaska, at more than $4,500 per resident.

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Nokia Continues Fading in Race With Nimbler Rivals

BERLIN — Nokia, the struggling market leader in mobile phones, said Thursday that it intended to cut costs by nearly 20 percent over three years, a move that will likely eliminate thousands of jobs as it enters an alliance with Microsoft.

The company, based in Espoo, Finland, said it planned to reduce annual operating expenses in its core devices and services business by €1 billion, or $1.46 billion, to €4.65 billion by the end of 2013.

“This reduction is expected to come from a variety of different sources and initiatives,” the company said, “including a reduction in the number of employees and normal personnel attrition, a reduction in the use of outsourced professionals, reductions in facility costs, and various improvements in efficiencies.”

Stephen Elop, the Microsoft executive whom Nokia hired to be chief executive last September, said the company would begin negotiations with its workforce in Finland and elsewhere next week. Prior to those talks, Mr. Elop said Nokia would not speculate on the number of jobs it may eventually cut.

“Speculation on the exact numbers and the timing of those numbers is best postponed until we discuss this with” worker representatives, Mr. Elop said in a conference call with financial analysts.

Some employees will be able to transition into other jobs with Nokia, Mr. Elop said, and Nokia may have new staffing needs as a result of its partnership with Microsoft. Because of those opportunities, Nokia said it would be able to guarantee employment to all of its existing workforce through this year.

Nokia also confirmed that it had signed its agreement with Microsoft to obtain the Windows operating system for Nokia’s smartphone lineup. The two companies had announced the partnership on Feb. 11. Since then, Nokia’s stock price had fallen by about a third.

The cost-cutting initiative came as Nokia lost its lead in cellphone revenue to Apple, the research firm Strategy Analytics said Thursday, according to Reuters.

Apple’s revenue from the iPhone rose to $11.9 billion in the last quarter while Nokia’s phone revenue slipped to $9.4 billion, the research firm said.

“With strong volumes and high wholesale prices, the PC vendor has successfully captured revenue leadership of the total handset market in less than four years,” an analyst, Alex Spektor, said.

Nokia also reported Thurusday that its profit fell slightly to €344 million in the first quarter from €349 million a year earlier.

Sales rose 9.2 percent to €10.4 billion, due largely to gains in Latin America and China, where Nokia’s sales rose 29 percent and 30 percent respectively. Sales in North America fell 36 percent, and sales in Europe fell 5 percent.

Mikko Ervasti, an analyst at Evli Bank, a private bank in Helsinki, said the cuts in operating expenses were needed to bring Nokia in line with its cellphone peers, like Apple, which on average spend only half or even less on research and development than Nokia.

Mr. Ervasti said the cost-cutting could translate into 6,000 fewer jobs in its cellphone R.D. workforce, or roughly 38 percent of Nokia’s total staff for mobile phones. Those employees are currently working in Finland, China, India, Germany, England, Denmark and San Diego, California.

“These cuts were needed and are in line with what the market was expecting,” Mr. Ervasti said. “This is a direct consequence of the Microsoft agreement, and Nokia’s own need to trim expenses.”

Nokia said its sales of smartphones rose 13 percent in the quarter to 24.2 million units from 21.5 million. Meanwhile, the market grew 74 percent over all during the same time, Francisco Jeronimo, an analyst with International Data Corp. in London, said.

On top of that, the average selling price fell 6 percent in the same period to €147 from €155 one year earlier, Nokia said.

The company said it sold 108.5 million cellphones of all types during the quarter, 1 percent more than a year ago. Yet its global share of the cellphone market fell to 32 percent from 34 percent a year ago, according to IDC.

Samsung, the global No. 2, raised its share to slightly more than 26 percent, IDC said.

Mr. Jeronimo said Nokia faced significant challenges as it transitions its mobile lineup away from its own Symbian operating system and towards Microsoft Windows Phone, which will take two years.

Despite the “good performance” of the new, high-end N8 handset in Europe and its mid-tier smartphones, “Nokia is still being affected by the strong Android momentum,” Mr. Jeronimo said, referring to the mobile operating system created by Google, and “by the high-end iPhone, Research In Motion, HTC and Samsung devices.”

The pressure on Nokia could increase, he added, if Nokia users defect from Symbian to rivals in the transition.

Mr. Ervast said the company’s forecast that operating profit margin for devices and services would be 6 percent to 9 percent in the second quarter was slightly better than investors had expected.

Nokia’s share price was up 3.1 percent at €6.12 in Helsinki trading.

Nokia employed 130,951 workers as of March 31, including 59,080 who work for Nokia’s cellphone business and 71,871 who work at its networks venture, Nokia Siemens Networks, and Navteq, its geographic mapping data unit.

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