Economix Blog: Is Overregulation Driving U.S. Companies Offshore?

CATHERINE RAMPELL

Dollars to doughnuts.

As my colleague Richard A. Oppel Jr. reported on Thursday, Gov. Rick Perry of Texas is arguing that companies are sending work abroad primarily because of overregulation in the United States, and not because labor is cheaper abroad.

“They did not leave to begin with just because they could find cheap labor somewhere,” said Mr. Perry, who is running for the Republican presidential nomination. “That may have been part of a formula, but it is not the reason they left. I would suggest to you they left because they were overregulated, and the cost of that regulation and the tax structure that we have in place in this country is what drove the masses away.”

Is that statement true? Are American regulations so burdensome that they are driving companies abroad?

Certainly the United States tax code is impenetrably complicated, and companies do have to deal with plenty of regulations. But even so, the United States is far friendlier to business than are emerging markets like India and mainland China, according to international analyses of regulatory climates.

For the last nine years, the World Bank has been grading countries on 10 measures of business regulation: getting electricity, enforcing contracts, protecting investors, dealing with construction permits, trading across borders, registering property, resolving insolvency, paying taxes, getting credit and starting a business.

Based on these criteria, these are the top 10 countries where it is easiest to operate a business:

• Singapore
• Hong Kong
• New Zealand
• United States
• Denmark
• Norway
• United Kingdom
• South Korea
• Iceland
• Ireland

That’s right: The United States comes in fourth.

Hong Kong beats the United States, but mainland China — that bugaboo of American employment protectionists — does not. Instead, China comes in 91st. Despite the higher regulatory burden, American-based multinational companies have increased their employment in China by 161,400 from 2007 to 2008, a gain of about 20 percent, according to the Bureau of Economic Analysis. (The most recent data are for 2008.) In fact, American employment in China rose 77 percent in the prior decade, from 1998 to 2008.

India does even worse, with a ranking of 132nd. Edward L. Glaeser has written for Economix before about India’s struggles with having a stable and transparent regulatory system and public sector.

As they have done in China, American companies have ratcheted up their employment in India by 43,000, or about 13 percent, from 2007 to 2008. From 1998 to 2008, the number of people in India working for American companies rose by 54 percent, according to the Bureau of Economic Analysis.

In another measure of business climate and competitiveness put out by the World Economic Forum, the United States ranks fifth, again ahead of China (26), India (56) and a host of other countries where American companies are adding jobs.

Presumably, then, American companies are not attracted to these places because the business climate is more favorable.

Article source: http://feeds.nytimes.com/click.phdo?i=752e2d39d4005f9586bf20aeb3778aaa