At this point, most dealers in the United States say they have enough inventory to meet their needs, even though many Japanese parts and auto plants have been closed since the March 11 earthquake and tsunami, cutting output by at least 400,000 vehicles.

“As it stands right now, you can still go to any dealership and get any model you want,” Ivan Drury, an analyst with Edmunds.com, which provides car-buying information to consumers, said on Wednesday.

Still, the question for dealers is what happens next.

Robert Shrader, the general manager of Jim Coleman Infiniti in Bethesda, Md., said: “Every day things change, but we anticipate there is going to be some disruption.”

Infiniti, Nissan’s luxury brand, gets its full lineup from Japanese plants. The tsunami destroyed around 1,300 Infiniti vehicles that were awaiting shipment from a Japanese port to the East Coast

“What we have right now will probably hold us over for about 60 to 90 days,” said Mr. Shrader, who is still receiving regular deliveries. “The concern would be the summer.”

In March, new-vehicle sales increased at least 15 percent, according to several analysts’ forecasts; automakers are scheduled to report their results on Friday.

Mr. Drury said gasoline prices, which were rising quickly before the earthquake but have largely leveled off since, pushed many consumers last month toward smaller, fuel-efficient vehicles, many of which are imported from Japan, including its Prius hybrid.

While Toyota restarted production of the Prius and other hybrids in Japan on a limited basis this week, most of its plants remain closed or are making only parts. The plant that makes the Toyota Yaris, a subcompact sold in the United States, is expected to be down at least until late April, the trade publication Automotive News reported.

As a result, Toyota has told dealers in North America to stop ordering 233 different parts — out of a possible 300,000 — unless they are needed for a specific customer’s vehicle.

Honda and Subaru have begun slowing their North American assembly lines because they are running low on Japanese-made parts. The Ford Motor Company and the Chrysler Group are building fewer vehicles in some paint colors because a Japanese-made pigment is expected to be unavailable for another month or more.

Nissan said on Wednesday that it expected to resume normal operations at all but one of its Japanese plants by mid-April. The sole exception makes V-6 engines for several other plants and is expected to be fully repaired by the end of April, Nissan said in a statement.

Company executives are expected to decide in the next few days whether to begin shipping engines to Japan from a plant in Tennessee to make up for disruptions there. While Nissan has resumed building many vehicles in Japan, it said that it planned to shut its plants again all of next week.

The research firm IHS Automotive said that 13 percent of global automotive production was down last week and predicted that up to a third of the industry’s production capacity could ultimately be affected by the disaster.

Paul Newton, an IHS analyst, said in a report issued on Wednesday that automakers worldwide are in “a highly fluid and opaque situation, which will likely worsen significantly before improving.”

Many vehicles built in the United States and other countries use at least some Japanese parts, or else their parts makers rely on some chemicals or other products from Japan.

Shoppers could soon start seeing fewer Ford vehicles in “tuxedo black” and three shades of red, and Chrysler is restricting orders in 10 different colors made with the metallic pigment Xirallic from the German chemical company Merck. The shortage affects five of the eight colors in which the Chrysler 300 is sold and four of the seven colors for the Dodge Charger and Challenger, for instance.

Honda, which had already told its North American dealers that it would delay taking May orders for Japanese-made vehicles until it had more definitive information about availability, on Wednesday began shortening shifts at plants in the United States and Canada.

A Honda spokesman, Edward K. Miller, said the plants would remain open but operate for fewer hours each day so that parts supplies would last longer.

“The overwhelming majority of parts come from the U.S., but we are dependent on some Japanese parts,” Mr. Miller said. “It’s a global business and more efficient that way, but the magnitude of what happened in Japan was unforeseen.”

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