December 23, 2024

German Official Backs Tax Vetoed by Britain

“A financial transaction tax would be positive,” said the foreign minister, Guido Westerwelle, emphasizing that if there were such a tax, “we would have to include all the European Union” and not just those members that use the euro.

His remarks were implicitly directed at Prime Minister David Cameron of Britain, who irritated his European Union colleagues at the summit meeting by vetoing proposed treaty changes in part because he felt they lacked safeguards for the future of the City, London’s financial district and a vital economic engine for Britain. Mr. Cameron’s actions left Britain isolated, and Mr. Westerwelle’s remarks suggested that the veto still would not insulate London from changes undertaken by other European Union members.

In an interview with the editorial board of The New York Times, Mr. Westerwelle also said the door was still open for Britain to join the new economic stability pact that Germany and all other European Union members are going ahead with regardless of Britain’s decision. “It is a standing invitation for Great Britain,” he said.

The idea of a financial transactions tax, a tiny levy that would be collected on trades of stocks, bonds and other types of securities and then used to help the economically disadvantaged, has attracted enormous interest in Europe. Nicknamed the Robin Hood tax, the proposal has been heralded as a novel approach for redistributing at least a small portion of the profits amassed by wealthy investors, a disparity that helped to energize the Occupy Wall Street movement. The proposed tax has an array of influential advocates, including the leaders of France and Germany, as well as philanthropists like George Soros and Bill Gates.

Mr. Westerwelle forcefully defended the outcome of the summit meeting in Brussels, which embraced Germany’s recipe of austerity and discipline for combating the economic crisis afflicting the euro zone’s troubled members — a crisis that has called into question the viability of the euro itself. Under the agreement, the euro zone’s 17 member governments will accept more oversight and control of national budgets, at the expense of their own sovereignty.

“From the German perspective, this is a debt crisis, not a growth crisis,” he said.

Asked about Western concerns that Iran may be close to building a nuclear weapon, despite Iranian denials, Mr. Westerwelle reiterated Germany’s position that a nuclear-armed Iran would be unacceptable. He also described the report issued last month by the International Atomic Energy Agency on Iran’s possible work on a weapon as “alarming.”

But he said it was premature to discuss new sanctions on Iran that would prohibit dealings with Iran’s central bank, saying that “sanctions only work well if many countries participate.”

He declined to discuss legislation approved by the United States Senate this month that would penalize foreign banks that engage in transactions with the Iran central bank by denying them access to the American market.

Article source: http://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/13/world/europe/guido-westerwelle-german-official-backs-tax-vetoed-by-britain.html?partner=rss&emc=rss

China’s Economic Engine Shows Signs of Slowing

As the American economy appears to teeter on the edge of another recession, Europe struggles with a financial crisis and emerging markets like Brazil and India show new weaknesses, China might appear to be in better shape than most countries, economists say. But “better” is relative.

On the surface, economists at the International Monetary Fund and most banks are still estimating China’s growth rate to be over 9 percent this year. China continues to run very large trade surpluses. New construction starts have soared with a government campaign to provide more affordable housing.

And yet, the country’s huge manufacturing sector is starting to slow and orders are weakening, especially for exports. The real estate bubble is starting to spring leaks, even as inflation remains stubbornly high for consumers — despite a series of interest rate increases and ever-tighter limits on bank lending.

A survey of Chinese purchasing managers, just completed by HSBC and Markit Economics, shows a third consecutive month of contraction in the manufacturing sector. The release of the survey results on Thursday contributed to a global slide in stock markets that day.

Meanwhile, huge loans that Chinese banks have made to state-owned enterprises and local governments over the last three years could cause trouble if the economy does slow.

What’s more, there are further signs of trade hostilities from Washington, where the impulse is to blame China’s cheap exports, at least partly, for America’s continued high unemployment. On Thursday, a bipartisan group of senators announced that they would pursue legislation requiring the Obama administration to confront China more directly on currency policy. They want the White House to push harder for China to allow its currency, the renminbi, to appreciate.

If China does allow its currency to rise more quickly and if its trade surplus narrows, that could help economies elsewhere. But because China’s mighty growth engine has been one of the few drivers of the global economy since the financial crisis of 2008, signs of deceleration could add to worries about the global outlook.

Chinese exporters are particularly worried. Nicole Huang, the sales manager at Dongguan Lianyi Sport Goods Co. Ltd., a maker of beer coolers, diving suits and other products in the industrial hub city of Dongguan, said the number of orders had dropped 5 percent so far this year, and the average size of each order had also begun to shrink.

And instead of the labor shortages that plagued many manufacturers last year as workers sought better jobs elsewhere, more people now seem willing to accept assembly-line tedium. Short term, that could help exporters. But it could be an early sign of looming unemployment problems.

“At least it is easier now for us to hire workers who come into our factory looking for work, after seeing our job notices posted outside,” Mr. Huang said. “Before, no one would respond to these notices.”

The sentiments of investors and economists inside and outside China have taken a bearish turn in recent weeks. As global stock markets have tumbled, the Shanghai A-share stock market has fallen 14.7 percent since July 15. That includes a further decline of 0.4 percent on Friday.

The most worried economists are those who follow China’s often turbulent monetary policy. The central bank oversaw a huge stimulus effort in 2009 and 2010 in response to the global economic slowdown, rapidly expanding its issuance of money and then encouraging banks to lend and relend it. Broadly measured, the money supply surged 53 percent in two years.

The extra cash has sent inflation at the consumer level surging to more than 6 percent even by official measures, which tend to understate true inflation for methodological reasons. With inflation now running at more than twice the regulated interest rate paid by banks for deposits, millions of Chinese have been betting their savings on real estate. That frenzy had been sending property prices through the roof, at least until the last couple of months.

But this year, to fight inflation, the Chinese financial authorities have veered in the other direction, setting strict administrative quotas on new loans. And they have ordered the mostly state-owned banks to park more than a fifth of their assets at the central bank, which further limits the banks’ ability to lend — and businesses’ ability to borrow.

Hilda Wang contributed reporting.

Article source: http://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/24/business/global/chinas-economic-engine-shows-signs-of-slowing.html?partner=rss&emc=rss