When the transmission in Sarah and Scott McKinney’s 2004 Audi A6 failed after five years, the repair cost thousands of dollars. Audi wouldn’t cover it, the McKinneys say, though the problem was a common one — so widespread that it later became the subject of a federal class-action suit.

The McKinneys, who live in Arlington Heights, Ill., say they are hoping a preliminary settlement in that suit will bring them a reimbursement later this year.

“I think it is our only hope,” Ms. McKinney said.

That recourse may not be available for car owners in the future, as some automakers have started to challenge class actions — and to a lesser extent, lemon laws — by trying to force consumers to agree instead to a binding arbitration process.

F. Paul Bland Jr., a senior attorney at Public Justice, a nonprofit consumer advocacy group, sees this as a brazen effort to take away important consumer automotive rights. If the automakers behind this effort are successful, consumer watchdogs say, owners like Gary Peterson of Spring Hill, Fla., might be stuck with defective vehicles that cannot be repaired.

The steering of Mr. Peterson’s 2011 Kia Sorento pulled so suddenly and strongly that the vehicle sometimes changed lanes by itself. When he could no longer tolerate the problem — and concluded that Kia would not help — he saw the lemon law as his only chance.

“Well, short of a lawsuit how are you going to take on a big company like Kia?” Mr. Peterson said. His complaint resulted in Kia’s having to buy back the vehicle.

That recourse might not be possible if the automakers’ efforts are successful.

The remedies sought by the McKinneys and by Mr. Peterson took different approaches. In a class action, thousands of consumers can benefit when a product they bought is judged to be defective.

In a typical lemon-law case, a lone consumer starts with arbitration, generally choosing among arbitration firms approved under each state’s lemon law. If the outcome is unsatisfactory, there are provisions to appeal, including the courts.

But now a few automakers are trying to do away with those resources by taking advantage of something consumers have done for decades when buying a vehicle: signing an agreement with the dealer to use arbitration to resolve disputes. Some automakers — including Honda, Toyota and Mercedes-Benz — are arguing that these sales agreements cover them, too.

Consequently, the automakers say, consumers may not use class-actions or lemon laws to get restitution. Instead, they argue, the consumer must use binding arbitration, in which the decision is final.

“I think this is a very worrisome issue,” said Christine Hines, the consumer and civil justice counsel at Public Citizen, a nonprofit consumer advocacy group.

Arbitration takes consumers out of a public process — the court or state-monitored lemon laws — and puts them in a private system, Ms. Hines said. Moreover, she said, it requires the consumer to play by rules set by the arbitration firm approved by the automaker.

Groups of consumers represented by a class-action may be happy to be included even if they receive only a small benefit, but few would devote the time, effort and expense to go into arbitration alone against an automaker, consumer advocates say.

“So one of the main benefits from the company’s standpoint is to eliminate claims against the company,” said Jean Sternlight, a law professor at the University of Nevada Las Vegas, who studies arbitration.

The legal force behind these challenges is the 2011 decision of the United States Supreme Court in ATT Mobility L.L.C. v. Concepcion. A result of that decision is that companies can bar consumers from bringing class-action suits and instead require each consumer to individually use binding arbitration.

Some critics argue that too often class-action suits benefit the plaintiffs’ lawyers while consumers get little of value.

But some class actions do help consumers with compensation and extended warranties, said Clarence Ditlow, executive director of the Center for Auto Safety.

Mr. Bland of Public Justice said that class-action suits could also reveal information about defects that manufacturers might want to keep secret — something that was possible in arbitration.

For example, Mr. Ditlow said, information that came out of suits over Firestone tire failures on Ford Explorers helped to prompt Congressional hearings and led in 2000 to Congress’s passing the Transportation Recall Enhancement, Accountability and Documentation Act.

Last year, Honda and Toyota separately asked federal district courts in California to dismiss class-action suits and compel each of the thousands of consumers who wanted to be compensated to individually use binding arbitration.

Article source: http://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/16/automobiles/automakers-push-back-against-consumer-protections.html?partner=rss&emc=rss