November 18, 2024

Europe Attempting Stronger Response to Debt Crisis

European officials said a plan was in the works that would enlarge the bailout fund’s borrowing power but not the amount of money that countries were contributing. The proposal was met guardedly by German officials, who are struggling to swing public opinion in favor of the more modest aid plan they agreed to in July — never mind any new initiatives.

As finance ministers and central bankers trickled back to Europe from meetings in Washington over the weekend, markets were clearly eager for a plan that would isolate Greece’s problems from the rest of the Continent and ensure that Italy and Spain do not also fall victim to the debt crisis.

Major stock indexes in Europe rose Monday, in part because of expectations that a more robust response to the problem was in the works.

A more potent bailout fund would not remove the need for other changes, like strengthening the banking system and improving decision making by the European Union, said Nicolas Véron, a senior fellow at Bruegel, a research organization in Brussels. But it would help, he said.

“I don’t think one measure can solve it all but it would make a significant difference in market sentiment,” said Mr. Véron, who testified last week before the U.S. Senate Banking Committee on the debt crisis.

Meanwhile, Finland appeared to be closer to resolving an impasse that had threatened to hold up deployment of the existing bailout fund. Alexander Stubb, the Finnish minister for European affairs, said the country’s Parliament was likely to approve a plan agreed to by leaders in July.

Finland is also close to resolving a dispute about its demand for collateral in return for granting more aid to Greece. The dispute illustrated how political opposition in just one of the 17 euro members can block initiatives.

“I’m very confident we will get the package through Parliament,” Mr. Stubb said by telephone. He declined to give details of how the collateral dispute would be resolved.

In Brussels, Amadeu Altafaj Tardio, a spokesman for the European Commission, confirmed that discussions were under way on methods to extend the effectiveness of the bailout fund, called the European Financial Stability Facility, or E.F.S.F.

Olli Rehn, the commissioner for economic and monetary affairs, had made clear at meetings in Washington that the euro zone was “contemplating further leveraging of the E.F.S.F.,” Mr. Altafaj Tardio said. That option has been urged by U.S. officials.

Separately, leaders tried to quash rumors that Greece and its creditors had discussed the possibility of banks’ taking a larger cut in the value of their Greek bond holdings — perhaps as much as 50 percent — to reduce the government’s onerous debt burden to a more manageable level.

Such a move remained highly controversial and was opposed by the large banks as well as the European Central Bank, which owns Greek bonds with a value estimated at as much as €60 billion, or $80.8 billion. Any Greek default would probably also require a coordinated bailout of banks with large holdings of Greek debt.

As has often been the case, European leaders seemed to have different perceptions of what was being discussed and how likely it was that the proposals would find support.

A spokesman for the German Finance Ministry, Martin Kotthaus, said in Berlin there was no need to expand the size of the bailout fund by giving it more money than already agreed. There is fear that pumping more money into the fund might threaten the credit rating of countries like France by increasing their liabilities.

But German officials did not appear to be opposed to increasing the rescue fund’s power to leverage its government guarantees. They simply wanted to avoid any discussion until Parliament votes this week on a proposal to expand the size of the fund to €780 billion. That plan was agreed to by European leaders on July 21. Some analysts have said that the fund needs to be two or three times as big to convince markets that it could handle a wider crisis.

On Monday, a senior official in the Greek Finance Ministry, responding to persistent default rumors, said no such event was imminent. And on Sunday, Evangelos Venizelos, the Greek finance minister, said in Washington that the government’s plan to exchange some existing bonds for new, longer-term securities remained on track.

The debt exchange would impose a relatively modest 21 percent loss on the face value of the affected bonds. It is regarded as a good deal for investors because they would get more solid paper in exchange. Greek creditors must still indicate their willingness to participate.

Article source: http://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/27/business/global/europe-attempting-stronger-response-to-debt-crisis.html?partner=rss&emc=rss

Media Decoder Blog: As Consumers Tighten Belts, Advertisers Adjust

The economic downturn and high rates of unemployment have forced consumers to spend less, and advertisers have taken notice. Figures from Nielsen, to be released on Monday, show the amount of money that advertisers are spending to bring their message to consumers has increased in certain categories.

For the first half of 2011, according to Nielsen, advertisers spent $53.2 billion on television, radio, newspaper and magazine ads, 5 percent more than the same period in 2010.

The three categories showing the highest increases were automobile insurance, which increased 25 percent from the first half of 2010 to $955 million, from $766 million; bank services, which increased 24 percent to $566 million, from $457 million; and financial investment services, which increased 19 percent to $550 million, from $463 million.

“The theme that I see here is that they are all financially oriented categories,” said Randall Beard, the global head of advertiser solutions for Nielsen. “People are very interested in saving money, getting the best possible deals and making sure their financial situation is as strong as it can be.”

Ads for auto insurance tended to focus on savings and discounts, Mr. Beard said, while ads for bank services highlighted rewards and offers for products, and financial services ads emphasized investment and retirement security.

Advertisers in the auto insurance category are looking to attract new customers, he said. Financial services companies that previously concentrated on advertising to customers with a high net worth now try to attract all customers who are seeking retirement planning products, he said.

Article source: http://feeds.nytimes.com/click.phdo?i=2a5540e50ae19bcaf65f6ab758e3df82

Bucks: Making Online Deposits on an Honor System

Go figure — it turns out that most people can be trusted not to lie about the amount of money they deposit in their bank account.

The Pennsylvania State Employees Credit Union 10 years ago started a deposit service called Upost@home. The service lets members enter their deposits in the credit union’s online banking system for immediate credit. Then, customers mail the checks to the credit union in a postage-paid envelope.

And get this: Deposited funds are immediately available for use, to pay bills for instance, and the money earns interest from the day of the online entry.

That’s right. The service works on an honor system. The bank gives customers credit for deposits before it actually receives them. (If the check doesn’t show up within 10 days, the bank reverses the credit.)

The credit union wasn’t totally crazy. It limited the amount that could be deposited to the service to $1,500 initially (users can have their level increased over time), and it limited the number of members who could use the service.

But, still. Wouldn’t people be tempted to inflate the amount of their deposits, to try to earn a little extra interest?

Apparently not, according to Netbanker.com, which alerted Bucks to the credit union’s innovative system. With about 4.5 million items deposited over a decade, totaling $1.4 billion (the average check was $310) , the bank has suffered just $74,000 in losses. That’s a loss rate just or 1.6 cents per item, rivaling rates for branch deposits, Netbanker says.

Would a for-profit bank dare offer such a service?

Article source: http://feeds.nytimes.com/click.phdo?i=0046d3ef1620870eb18aa07f73f0553c

China Raises Interest Rates

HONG KONG — China on Wednesday raised interest rates for the fifth time in nine months, the latest in a series of moves aimed at cooling the pace of economic growth and the steep price rises that have accompanied expansion.

The central bank announced that it was raising the key lending and deposit rates in the world’s second-largest economy, after the United States, by a quarter of a percentage point. The increase had been widely expected by analysts.

The central bank said the one-year deposit rate would rise to 3.5 percent, from 3.25 percent, beginning Thursday. The one-year lending rate was raised to 6.56 percent, from 6.31 percent.

Signs that inflation in China has accelerated to levels well above what the Chinese authorities are comfortable with have mounted in recent months and prompted Beijing to step up its efforts at reining in the ample lending that fueled growth and helped fan sharp rises in property prices as well as overall inflation.

Data released last month showed that consumer prices in May had risen 5.5 percent from the same period last year, and economists widely believe that data for June, due next week, will show an even more marked increase, of 6 percent or more.

The rate announcement came just weeks after news of the latest in a long line of instructions by Beijing to the nation’s banks to extend fewer loans — the 12th such move since early 2010.

Beijing’s gradual cutback of lending — by raising reserve-requirement ratios for banks, which reduces the amount of money available for loans — has had the desired effect of moderating the sizzling pace of growth to a level that most economists here believe points to a soft landing for the Chinese economy.

However, many forecasters also believe that Beijing now has little room left to increase reserve-requirement ratios much further or to lift interest rates much more. Another small rate increase may come later in the year, but over all, the current round of tightening may soon have run its course, many believe.

The price rises that have accompanied soaring growth, meanwhile, have so far shown little sign of abating — in part because of sharp increases globally in the costs of raw materials. Natural disasters in China also have helped push up the cost of food.

Inflation levels could ebb somewhat later this year, but are widely expected to remain elevated, presenting Beijing with a headache. The Chinese authorities are intensely aware that soaring household bills could lead to widespread public dissatisfaction.

Article source: http://feeds.nytimes.com/click.phdo?i=539a0b9395441cc4a354e457c21f8f75

Bucks: Secured Credit Cards: Not Everyone Qualifies

If your credit was ruined during the Great Recession, using a secured credit card may be a good way to help improve your standing.

That is, if you can get a secured card.

Not everyone may be immediately eligible, especially if you have a recent bankruptcy on your record. A reader who recently emerged from bankruptcy wrote to me after she and her husband were denied secured credit cards from Citibank. That, at least in my mind, raised several questions: Are all people emerging from bankruptcy unable to get a secured card? Are there other situations where you’re likely to be denied? And is the passage of time the only option for the millions of people whose credit has been ruined during the recession?

Secured credit cards appear to pose minimal risk to the card issuer. After all, the cardholder is required to put a certain amount of money into a bank account, say $250 or $500, which is used as collateral. And the available amount of credit is often equivalent to the amount on deposit. By using these cards strategically, a person with bad credit can speed up the recovery process by demonstrating positive behavior: charging only small amounts and paying off their balance each month.

“You need to dilute the negative information on your credit report, and there is no better way to do that than with a secured card,” said Odysseas Papadimitriou, chief executive of CardHub.com, a credit card comparison site. He said he believes getting denied for these cards are the exception rather than the rule. But he did say that some banks want to be sure that the bankruptcy is well behind the applicant, and, in some cases, penalize them a bit for getting into trouble.

So to clarify who is actually eligible for these cards, I called several issuers of secured credit cards and asked them about their approval policies. Some were more forthcoming than others, but here’s what they said:

Citibank. It depends on the individual’s situation, said Sean Kevelighan, a Citi spokesman. He declined to disclose the factors that it considers when making credit decisions.

(The Bucks’ reader said the bank refunded her and her husband’s secured deposit, totaling $1,000, and said it could not accept their application because “a credit obligation related to a bankruptcy or financial counseling plan was recorded on your credit bureau report.” The reader said they had applied for the card about 10 months after their debts were discharged in bankruptcy, though they continued to pay their student loans, mortgage and auto loans during the six-month bankruptcy period. Her husband has been self-employed since January 2010, though she is not working. Citi looked into the situation at our request, but declined to say why the couple was denied.)

HSBC. Applicants who provide a security deposit get approved, unless a background check with the credit bureaus turns up a discrepancy related to the identity of the applicant. Recent bankruptcies do not make you ineligible, and credit scores are not a factor in the company’s decision.

Capital One. If the courts have discharged your debts, an applicant would be immediately eligible for a secured card. Capital One also considers the applicant’s ability to repay. “Our goal is to provide reasonable access to credit with the appropriate guardrails in place,” said Sukhi Sahni, a spokeswoman for Capital One.

Bank of America. Generally speaking, applicants must be out of bankruptcy for a year, and must have another relationship with the bank, like a checking account. Delinquencies on other accounts are also likely to result in a denial. “Over time, we would want to see that they demonstrate the ability to manage their finances responsibly because ultimately the goal is to graduate them to a nonsecured card,” said Betty Riess, a spokeswoman for Bank of America.

Wells Fargo. Applicants must be out of bankruptcy for a year. The bank also looks at a variety of other factors, including FICO credit scores and payment history. Wells Fargo only issues credit cards to current bank customers as a general policy.

U.S. Bank. The bank declined to comment.

Have you tried to apply for a secured card? What type of situation were you in, and did you qualify?

Article source: http://feeds.nytimes.com/click.phdo?i=876eed717cbf16534f0db2299e093ef9