March 28, 2024

Despite Delay, the 100-Watt Bulb Is on Its Way Out

But the traditional light bulb — that lowly orb of glass, filament and threaded metal base — has become a powerful emotional symbol, conjuring both consumer anxiety over losing a familiar and flattering light source and political antipathy to government meddling.

On Friday, the House voted to delay enforcement of the new standards until at least Oct. 1, with the Senate expected to agree, as part of a last-minute budget deal to keep the government operating through the rest of the fiscal year. Republicans have vowed to press for a full repeal of the new rules.

“This was one of those things that resonated with a lot of people, especially in the election of 2010, where so much personal liberty had been eroded,” said Representative Michael C. Burgess, Republican of Texas, a state that recently passed a law to exempt bulbs made and sold within its borders from the federal standards. “The light bulb was what put a public face on it. People got it when you said, ‘Well, why should the federal government restrict my freedom on what type of light I use?’ ”

Yet in some ways, despite all the heated rhetoric and political brinksmanship, the delay hardly matters. The looming possibility of the new standards, signed into law by President Bush in 2007 — and the fact that places like Europe, Australia, Brazil and China have already put similar measures in place or intend to do so — has transformed the industry. A host of more efficient products already line store shelves and poke out of light sockets.

“Bottom line, the standards are moving forward unabated,” said Noah Horowitz, a senior scientist at the Natural Resources Defense Council, which has promoted the standards. Calling the delay in enforcement a “speed bump,” he added, “Incandescent light bulbs are not going away due to the standard, they are just getting better. The new ones that meet the standard will use 28 percent less power and look and perform exactly like the old one.”

Many of the alternatives to incandescent bulbs are more expensive. But industry executives, government officials and environmental advocates say they often last longer and save money by reducing electric bills. Traditional incandescent bulbs, which essentially use the same technology as Thomas Edison’s original lights, waste most of their energy by converting it to heat instead of light. That problem is largely remedied in newer technologies like compact fluorescent lights (C.F.L.’s) and light-emitting diodes (L.E.D.’s).

Although demand for energy-efficient bulbs is growing among customers attracted by the bottom-line savings, incandescent bulbs still dominate the market.

At Home Depot, which like other leading retailers has developed a house line of energy-saving lights, 60 percent of sales are standard incandescents, 25 percent are compact fluorescents, 10 percent are halogen incandescents (which meet the new efficiency standards) and 5 percent are L.E.D.’s., according to Jean Niemi, a company spokeswoman.

Advocates for the new rules point to California, which adopted the national standards a year early. Consumer anxiety there seemed to fizzle once the law went into effect.

“January 1 came and people were able to go out and buy light bulbs,” said Adam Gottlieb, a spokesman for the California Energy Commission. “There was no light bulb apocalypse.”

Industry executives say they have not found evidence of hoarding or runs on incandescents in California — although that may be because merchants stockpiled 100-watt bulbs, which are still widely available for sale.

At Light Bulbs Unlimited in Los Angeles on Friday, for instance, a sign in the window declared, “Outlawed! Light Bulbs, 100 Watt, Going Fast,” with an exhortation to “Stock up now,” and a 20 percent case discount offer.

Outside the store, many of the shoppers still knew little about the changing standards, although an employee said cases of 100-watt bulbs had been selling fast all year, as people like Philip Miller came in for more bulbs.

Ian Lovett contributed reporting.

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House Votes to Hamper a Law on Light Bulbs

WASHINGTON — The House voted on Friday to withhold funding to enforce part of a 2007 law that increases efficiency standards for light bulbs.

The new standards, which would require most light bulbs to be 25 to 30 percent more efficient by 2014 and at least 60 percent more efficient by 2020, have become a symbol of what conservatives see as an unnecessary intrusion into the market.

“The federal government has no right to tell me or any other citizen what type of light bulb to use at home,” said Representative Michael C. Burgess, Republican of Texas, who offered the measure as an amendment to a 2012 energy and water spending bill. The light-bulb provision was approved on a voice vote; later the House voted 219 to 196 to pass the energy bill.

Although the efficiency regulations do not specify what types of bulbs are allowed, the standards would effectively eliminate many of the most popular choices on the market beginning with the 100-watt incandescent bulb on Jan. 1. If it becomes law, the provision approved Friday would prevent the Energy Department from enforcing the regulation in 2012.

Republicans have complained about the cost of the more efficient bulbs. A Philips Halogená Energy Saver, for instance, costs more than $3, while traditional incandescent bulbs are about 35 cents.

The Energy Department has said the increased purchase prices will be offset by savings on consumers’ energy bills, estimating savings of $6 billion per year by 2015 under the new guidelines.

Representative Fred Upton, Republican of Michigan, who now heads the House Energy and Commerce Committee, inserted the light bulb standards in the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007, which President George W. Bush signed into law. Mr. Upton has since reversed his position on the standards he authored.

Democrats have seized on the reversal, saying it is a sign the G.O.P. is becoming more conservative.

Representative Steny H. Hoyer, Democrat of Maryland and his party’s whip, called the moves this week “a political appeal to the far right wing of the Republican Party.”

In floor debates, Democrats contended that the efficiency standards would help the environment and the economy.

“It reduces the amount of energy that we have to think about importing from other countries,” said Representative Edward J. Markey, Democrat of Massachusetts. “It’s really a debate about whether or not we’re going to continue to see an increase in the technologies in our society.”

Traditional incandescent bulbs, which use essentially the same design invented by Thomas Alva Edison more than 130 years ago, use only about 10 percent of the energy they consume to produce light, according to the Congressional Research Service. The other 90 percent is wasted as excess heat.

Since the regulations passed in 2007, manufacturers have been developing alternative technologies to decrease the amount of wasted energy, including halogen incandescent bulbs, compact fluorescent lamps and light-emitting diode or LED lights.

Energy Secretary Steven Chu told reporters last week that some of the new bulbs look like current bulbs, turn on instantly and can be used with dimmers, deflecting criticism by Republicans that the newer technologies were inferior.

Earlier in the week, the House rejected a bill to repeal the regulations, because it was brought up under special rules requiring a two-thirds majority. That vote, which largely followed party lines, was 233 to 193 in favor of repeal.

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