April 25, 2024

DealBook: Trades Are Linked to Missing MF Global Funds

James W. Giddens, the trustee overseeing the liquidation of MF Global.Marian GoldmanJames W. Giddens, the trustee liquidating MF Global.

The trustee liquidating MF Global’s brokerage unit has spotted suspicious trades in customer accounts that appear connected to a $1.2 billion shortfall, the trustee’s lawyer said Friday.

The lawyer, James Kobak, said at a hearing in Federal Bankruptcy Court in Manhattan that most of the transactions appeared to have taken place close to the weekend before MF Global filed for bankruptcy.

Separately, the bankruptcy judge overseeing the case, Martin Glenn, approved a request by the trustee to pay out up to $2.2 billion to MF Global brokerage customers. The move by the trustee, James W. Giddens, would represent the return of about 72 percent of the fallen firm’s customer accounts.

The update by Mr. Giddens’s lawyer, Mr. Kobak, comes amid continuing investigations into the demise of MF Global. In his first public appearance since the bankruptcy filing, Jon S. Corzine, MF Global’s former chief executive, testified at a Congressional hearing on Thursday that he did not know what lay behind the customer fund shortfall.

The discovery of the missing money scuttled an effort by MF Global to sell itself, leading to its bankruptcy filing on Oct. 31. Investigators, including the Federal Bureau of Investigation, have been combing through the firm’s books since then, trying to determine if money was improperly moved out of the firm.

At the House Agriculture Committee’s hearing, Mr. Corzine said only that he was “stunned” by the discovery of the shortfall and that he “never intended to break any rules.” He has not been accused of wrongdoing.

In his update, Mr. Kobak declined to elaborate on the suspicious trades or whether criminal activity was involved. He said the shortfall might exceed $1.2 billion, out of an estimated $5.8 billion in total customer funds.

A spokesman for Mr. Giddens said in a statement after the hearing, “The full amount of any shortfall will not be known with certainty until the claims process is completed.” Some of the unaccounted-for money may lie in MF Global’s foreign subsidiaries, which are under the control of court-appointed trustees in other countries. Mr. Giddens’s office estimates that MF Global’s American brokerage customers are owed about $857 million held abroad, while the American brokerage unit may owe about $253 million.

Mr. Giddens and the other trustees are in negotiations to return at least some of that money.

The distribution approved on Friday is the single-biggest return of MF Global customer money to date. Two earlier distributions returned about $2 billion in client funds. A spokesman for Mr. Giddens said that the bulk of the money would be distributed within days, and the remainder within two to four weeks.

Its approval came despite objections from the firm’s creditors and from customers who have not yet received any distributions of funds. Each group argues that these interim payouts would ultimately reduce the amount of money available to them.

But Judge Glenn, who in court hearings has repeatedly cited the high volume of calls from MF Global customers, said that such concerns would be dealt with in the final claims process. Mr. Giddens has set aside about $1 billion for remaining claims, though that amount could grow as additional money is recovered.

Also on Friday, Mr. Giddens’s office won court approval to transfer about 330 additional MF Global securities accounts to another brokerage firm.

Article source: http://feeds.nytimes.com/click.phdo?i=42a5b8e9ec1462d4bf18a376fb2990b7

DealBook: Cash Found at MF Global but Customer Money Still Missing

Jon S. Corzine on the trading floor of MF Global last year. Mr. Corzine’s Wall Street comeback ended early Friday.David Goldman for The New York TimesJon S. Corzine on the trading floor of MF Global last year. Mr. Corzine’s Wall Street comeback ended early Friday.

The missing customer money at MF Global is still missing.

On Friday, funds from the bankrupt brokerage firm suddenly surfaced at JPMorgan Chase. Washington and Wall Street, for a moment, were hopeful it was the money they had been searching for all week.

But then, just as quickly, nearly everyone agreed it was not the missing money, and the hunt was on again.

While MF Global has more than $2 billion in accounts at JPMorgan, regulators had previously accounted for those funds, according to people briefed on the matter who were not authorized to speak publicly. Federal officials estimate that roughly $600 million has been misplaced or misused or has disappeared altogether, two of the people said.

The revelation — and the sharp reversal — is the latest debacle in the bankruptcy of MF Global.

Adding to the drama, the firm’s chief executive, Jon S. Corzine, the former Democratic governor of New Jersey and head of Goldman Sachs, resigned early Friday. In a more surprising development, Gary Gensler, head of the Commodity Futures Trading Commission, will no longer participate in the investigation due to his long acquaintance with Mr. Corzine, according to a person with direct knowledge of the matter.

It is just the beginning. Regulators are still camped out at the brokerage firm’s Midtown Manhattan headquarters, poring over the books. Exchange officials are transferring customer accounts to other brokerage firms. And company executives are helping to close the firm.

The process of winding down MF Global will be long and arduous. The courts continue to sort through the mess at Lehman Brothers, more than three years after the investment bank filed for Chapter 11.

“It’s going to be complicated when you have a multibillion-dollar company,” said Professor J. Samuel Tenenbaum, the director of the Investor Protection Center at Northwestern University School of Law. “That just doesn’t happen overnight. It would be nice to think that you can get this done quickly, but that would be fanciful.”

The demise of MF Global can be traced to risky bets on European sovereign debt.

Soon after joining the firm in 2010, Mr. Corzine moved to transform the sleepy brokerage firm into a full-service investment bank in the mold of his former employer, Goldman. He aggressively bought up the bonds of troubled economies like Italy, Ireland and Spain, betting that the Continent would not let the countries default on their loans.

As the sovereign debt crisis dragged on this summer, regulators noticed the risky bets and pushed the firm to hold more capital against the investments. The move alarmed shareholders, clients and rating agencies, inciting a crisis of confidence. With the stock sliding, the firm searched desperately for a suitor.

But the missing money proved the death knell for MF Global.

Before dawn on Monday, the firm uncovered a nearly $1 billion hole in its customer accounts. The startling discovery scuttled a last-minute deal to sell part of the business to Interactive Brokers Group, a Connecticut rival. Out of options, MF Global filed for bankruptcy that morning.

Within hours, regulators, including the Securities and Exchange Commission and the Commodity Futures Trading Commission, started investigating MF Global and the missing money. The Federal Bureau of Investigation joined the fray on Tuesday. Federal authorities worried that MF Global had violated a basic principle in this business: customer assets must be kept separate from company funds.

As the scrutiny intensified, Mr. Corzine was said to have hired Andrew F. Levander, a prominent criminal defense lawyer. Mr. Levander, the chairman of Dechert, has represented other Wall Street executives including John Thain, the former chief executive of Merrill Lynch. Mr. Corzine has retained two bankruptcy lawyers from the firm Perkins Coie to represent him in the civil Chapter 11 proceedings.

Neither Mr. Corzine nor MF Global have been accused of any wrongdoing. MF Global says the shortfall is temporary, as additional money will flow in from banks and clearinghouses.

In resigning on Friday, Mr. Corzine ended what was supposed to be his grand return to Wall Street after nearly a decade in politics. The company said that he would not seek his $12 million in severance.

“I feel great sadness for what has transpired at MF Global and the impact it has had on the firm’s clients, employees and many others,” Mr. Corzine, 64, said in a statement. “I intend to continue to assist the company and its board in their efforts to respond to regulatory inquiries and issues related to the disposition of the firm’s assets.”

Mr. Gensler, head of the C.F.T.C., decided Thursday to step back from the inquiry, and the following day he did not participate in an agency briefing on MF Global; Mr. Gensler had worked for Mr. Corzine while both were at Goldman Sachs in the 1990s.

As regulators try to untangle the books, customers, whose accounts were frozen on Monday, are waiting to get their money back. The CME Group, the exchange where MF Global did business, is transferring client funds to other brokerage firms, including R.J. O’Brien and ABN Amro, people involved in the process said.

But customers won’t be made whole — at least not yet.

Industry groups pushed for customers to receive about 70 percent of their cash, according to the people involved in the process. But because roughly $600 million hasn’t been found, clients will only get on average 60 cents on the dollar, court filings show.

The situation puts customers, including individual investors, hedge funds and big companies, in a financial bind. Until the money surfaces, many clients will have to come up with extra cash to maintain their positions, or they will be forced to liquidate their trades, potentially at a loss.

It could take some time for the money to materialize, assuming it does.

With scarce information, even regulators and industry insiders are grasping for answers. The situation was underscored by the brief elation following media reports that the missing money might have turned up.

But, it hadn’t. JPMorgan, which confirmed MF Global had accounts with the bank, said in a statement “that it does not have any information as to whether any such balances are related in any way to the ‘missing’ customer funds.”

Azam Ahmed, Kevin Roose and Peter Lattman contributed reporting.

Article source: http://feeds.nytimes.com/click.phdo?i=1a417bd547043fc37090c7a96cd91e4f

Online Banking Keeps Customers on Hook for Fees

The Internet banking services that have been sold to customers as conveniences, like online bill paying, also serve as powerful tethers that keep customers from jumping to another institution.

Tedd Speck, a 49-year-old market researcher in Kent, Conn., was furious about Bank of America’s planned $5 monthly fee for debit card use.

But he is staying put after being overwhelmed by the inconvenience of moving dozens of online bill paying arrangements to another bank.

“I’m really annoyed,” he said, “but someone at Bank of America made that calculation and they made it right.”

Former bankers and market researchers say that it’s no accident.

The steady expansion of online bill paying, they say, has emboldened Bank of America, as well as rivals like Wells Fargo, JPMorgan Chase and SunTrust, to turn to new fees on customer accounts as other sources of revenue dry up. The fees have caused an uproar among consumers and drawn sharp criticism from politicians, including President Obama.

“The technology locks you in and they’re keenly aware of it,” said Robert Smith, who was chief executive of Security Pacific when it was bought by Bank of America in 1992. “It’s very hard for consumers to just ditch that.”

For years, banks have openly sought to attach as many loans and services as they can to a customer, like credit cards, mortgages and mobile phone banking.

What they haven’t mentioned are marketing studies like the one commissioned by Fiserv, which develops online bill paying systems, showing that using the Internet to pay bills, do automatic deductions and send electronic checks reduced customer turnover for banks by up to 95 percent in some cases.

With 44 million households having used the Internet to pay a bill in the past 30 days — up from 32 million five years ago and projected to reach 55 million by 2016 — it’s a shift that has major ramifications for competition.

There’s even evidence that fewer consumers are switching banks, with 7 percent of them estimated to be moving their primary account to a different institution in 2011, down from 12 percent last year, according to surveys by Javelin Strategy and Research.

Emmett Higdon, a consultant who managed Citibank’s online bill payment product from 2004 to 2007, said that “for the consumer, it’s a double-edged sword.” While customers value the convenience, inside the industry “it was known that it would be a powerful retention tool. That’s why online bill paying went free in the first place. Inertia is powerful in the banking industry.”

Bank of America today has 29 million account holders banking online and 15 million using the service to pay bills, but company officials say there is no connection between the stickiness of Internet bill paying and the decision to impose the $5 monthly debit card fee.

“People like online bill pay, it’s convenient and safe,” said Anne Pace, a spokeswoman for the company. “The lower attrition rate that came along with it was simply a result of offering a valuable service.”

The fee, she said, “allows us to continue offering the benefits that customers have come to expect from our debit card,” like fraud protection, overdraft prevention and a wide-reaching A.T.M. network.

Asked if the bank calculated how many online-bill-pay customers a new fee could drive away, Ms. Pace said, “We did extensive research on how they would react to a new fee and whether it was fair.”

The new fee will not apply to customers with a Bank of America mortgage or those who have an account balance of $20,000 or more.

Members of Congress have taken notice of the fee uproar — and the ties that bind customers to their banks.

“The difficulty of moving accounts is deliberate and unnecessary,” said Representative Brad Miller, who introduced a bill this month that would make it easier for customers to switch.

Article source: http://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/16/business/online-banking-keeps-customers-on-hook-for-fees.html?partner=rss&emc=rss